The story of penicillin.

From pills to penicillin. The Beecham story. A personal account

Introducing historical perspectives.

Most of us have heard the story of the discovery of penicillin: how in 1928 the Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming discovered a set of Petri dishes contaminated by spores of Penicillium mold that had seemingly destroyed the staphylococcal bacteria hewas studying. Less remembered is the fact that Fleming gave up on penicillin within a few months, finding it extremely difficult to extract ...

Designing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of anti-penicillin antibodies levels in various species of animals in Khuzestan province, Iran

The penicillin allergy is being increasingly recognized as a significant public health problem. Immunological responses to penicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics are classified as immediate and non-immediate responses. This research aimed to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of the reactive antibody value against penicillin in various species of animals...

Scaffolding EFL Oral Performance through Story Maps and Podcasts and Students’ Attitudes toward it

The present study sought to explore the impact of story maps and audio podcasts as scaffolds on oral proficiency of Iranian EFL learners. The quasi-experimental study was launched with 36 EFL undergraduates in three groups by adopting a counterbalanced 3  3 Latin squared design. All participants were indiscriminately, but in a specified order, exposed to the three treatment conditions of story ...

Isolation of a Penicillin Acylase Producing E.coli and Kinetic Characterization of the Whole Cell Enzyme Activity

Penicillin acylase (EC 3.5.1.11) has been a target of study for a long time because of its pivotal role in the deacylation of the penicillin into the 6- aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) and the side-chain organic acids. This property of penicillin acylase has been exploited commercially for large scale production of 6-APA, which is the key intermediate in the manufacture of semi-synthetic penicil...

Response of Buildings with Inclined First-Story Columns to Near-Fault Ground Motion

In this paper a simple model of a three story building with inclined first-story columns has presented. The stories are supposed to be rigid and are connected to axially rigid mass less columns by elasto-plastic rotational springs and linear rotational dampers. The considered model is subjected to horizontal component of fault normal pulse with different magnitudes and the governed nonlinear di...